Presentations and Facts on Global Energy Needs and the Energy Amplifier, (EA),
an Accelerator driven Nuclear Reactor based on Thorium

The world is rapidly moving into a very serious energy crisis where the consumption of fossile fuels will increase dramatically over the next decades. The energy problem will be leading to higher risks for conflicts, and the increased use of fossile fuels to an enormous enhancement of the CO2 levels in the atmosphere, probably the main driving force of climate change.

In this context the ongoing discussions in Norway and in other countries attempting to solve the energy problem is pathetic. CO2 sequestration, bio energy, windmills and Hydrogen are presented as solutions to the global problem. However, when these problems are the basis for endless discussions, the Coal consumption in Asia has now an average yearly INCREASE of  about 250 million tons, which, when translated into energy, represents more than 4 times the total yearly energy consumption in Norway.

It is estimated that the global energy consumption at the end of the century will be between 4 and 6 times higher than today. In order to cover this consumption without  catastrofic consequences for the Earth, there are only two possibilities: direct conversion of solar heat and nuclear power.

In the links below the global energy problem is presented together with details on a safe nuclear power reactor, originally called the "Energy Amplifier", and proposed by the Nobel Laureate, Carlo Rubbia, in the early nineties. In the first link below a simple introduction to the Energy Amplifier is given.

We argue that Norway as an important energy nation and with its advanced technology and large Thorium reserves should take a special responsibility in the development of such a nuclear reactor. This would be the best Norwegian contribution to preserve the living conditions for future generations.

1. Carlo Rubbia (1996): "The Energy Amplifier, a Description for the non-Specialist". Link to Document (html).

2. Egil Lillestol (2007, in Norwegian), offentlig presentasjon: "Thoriumbasert kjernekraft, en klimavennlig løsning på verdens energikrise. Link til Presentasjon (pdf).

3. J.-P. Revol, Norwegian Physical Society Meeting, Ulvik, 2005: "Global Energy Needs in the 21st Century, a Physicist's View" Link to Presentation (pdf, 2.9 MB).

4. Y. Kadi, J.-P. Revol, C. Rubbia: "R&D on Innovative Nuclear Reactors: Status and Prospects". Link to Document, (doc, 0.5 MB). See in particular section 2(c) for a discussion on proliferation and safety issues.

5. Y. Kadi, J.-P. Revol, C. Rubbia: "R&D on Innovative Nuclear Reactors:  Status and Prospects; Supplemental Questions from IAEA. Link to Answers from the authors, (doc, 0.9 MB)

6. Some critical and frequently asked questions concerning the EA. Link to Answers, (doc, 0.3 MB)

7. A detailed description on Thorium can be found in Wikipedia at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium
In the same article reference is made to an article on Thorium as a "new" source of energy, where the Energy Amplifier is discussed in the last part. See: http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/node/348/
Concerning Norwegian reserves of Thorium an interesting article can be found at: http://www.fensfeltet.no